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The impact on women athletes of receiving or not receiving scholarships was investigated in this study. The subjects were 61 women participating in 10 intercollegiate sports. Attitudes were assessed by administering a questionnaire prior to, and after, scholarships had been awarded. The questionnaire items were grouped into three subsets which reflected different attitudes about the “impact” of awarding athletic scholarships. A 4 × 2 × 2 repeated measures design was used to test for significant statistical interaction between the three independent variables: (a) wanting a scholarship, (b) receiving a scholarship, and (c) reacting to the awarding of scholarships.  相似文献   
793.
Abstract

Speed and energy expenditure of the closed and open freestyle swimming turns were determined on six male swimmers. The subjects were tested while in a post-absorptive state. Resting metabolic rates were determined utilizing an open-circuit, Douglas bag method. The test included swimming a distance of 70 ft. and performing either the closed or open turn without taking a breath. Upon completion of the test, the subject breathed into a Douglas bag for 15 min. Each turn was timed with a stopwatch; a turn started 3 ft. 10 in. before touching and ended as the feet left the side of the pool. Statistical treatment of the date revealed no significant difference in energy expenditure. However, the closed turn proved to be significantly faster than the open.  相似文献   
794.
Abstract

This study examined the relationship between the Pythagoreans and Plato in order to further illuminate the derivations of Plato's views of physical education. Concepts from Pythagorean and Platonic writings were examined. A search for historical connections between Plato and the Pythagoreans was made. Possible Pythagorean influences on specific Platonic concepts of physical education were suggested. General concepts in The Republic which appear to be influenced by Pythagoreanism were the theories of soul, forms, harmony, justice, and simplicity. Related to these concepts, but more inherent to physical education specifically, the following concepts were thought to be of Pythagorean origin: that the pre-eminent objective of physical education was character training, that the body was inferior to the soul and needed physical education primarily to prepare it for service to the soul, that simplicity of diet and regimen was to be maintained for an adequate physical education program, and that participation in physical education was not reserved for men but also included women.  相似文献   
795.
High-quality customer service is an important aim of the library experience. Its importance is evidenced by attention given to the topic in scholarly literature and academic conference proceedings. This article describes the challenging process of creating and delivering a blended customer service training curriculum to all library staff working at public service points in the University of Maryland Libraries. An online course, in-person workshops, and digital badges were devised. Assessment was conducted at the end of the first year, resulting in revisions to the course.  相似文献   
796.
In this session of the NASIG and Society of Scholarly Publishing joint program, a panel of lawyers conversed on topics related to the creation of copyright policy that impact both librarians and publishers. The topics chosen were selected to highlight areas of possible controversy between librarians and publishers. Dialogue centered on the concepts of international first sale, fair use, licensing and mass digitization, library exceptions, possible revisions to sections of the U.S. Copyright Act, and the relationships between accessibility issues and copyright. Through conversational style discussions the panelists conveyed to the audience that achieving balance in copyright law is challenging and the process often creates constructive tension among the rights of stakeholders.  相似文献   
797.
The design brief informs particularly the first phases of the design process; however, there are very limited studies on its role and functions. The current study proposes a framework that relates problem statement types in a design brief to creative outcomes by promoting the priming effect, which is a cognitive phenomenon describing the ways individuals behave accordingly to the way they receive a stimulus. The claim is that the brief has the potential to stimulate creativity and influence the type of outcomes by priming the design students using the problem statement. An experiment was conducted in which two groups of design students generated sketches in response to two types of problem statements (in noun and verb formations) in similar design briefs. The problem statements in verb formation were found to lead to a higher number of sketches containing more novel and flexible, yet less realisable ideas. The results support the contention that the design brief and the type of problem statements have the potential to act as a catalyst for creativity early in the design process.  相似文献   
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Perceptions of male and female academics within a teaching context   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
One hundred and sixty male and female undergraduates were exposed to one of four videotaped lectures that differed on two dimensions: sex of lecturer (male or female), and style of presentation (affiliative or instrumental). Analyses revealed that students' perceptions of lecturers are dependent largely on lecturing style. In general, all students preferred an affiliative style of lecturing. Affiliative lecturers were seen as more effective lecturers as well as more confident, professional, and approachable. Students also indicated that they would be more likely to approach lecturers presenting affiliatively to discuss content issues. Although the findings do not distinguish between male and female lecturers except as gender relates to lecturing style, they do support earlier research and indicate a highly responsive environment for male and female lecturers conducive to the development of high self-efficacy within a teaching context. Implications for female lecturers, for whom it is argued that an equally responsive research environment does not exist, are discussed in terms of differential career paths.  相似文献   
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